Assuming in the premises what the argument is meant to establish.
Aristotle's petitio principii. "Freedom of speech is good because a society benefits when people can speak freely" is the form — the conclusion is doing service as its own premise.
In practice
- "The policy is fair because it treats everyone equitably" has assumed the conclusion in the premise.
- A business case that justifies a project by the strategic importance of the project has not made an argument.