Empiriceme · Evidence · Bias / Effect

Sleeper Effect

A discounted message gains persuasive force over time as its source is forgotten.

Hovland and Weiss's 1951 finding. A message from a discredited source has little effect immediately and measurable effect weeks later, because the content outlasts the memory of who said it.

In practice

  • A claim heard on a programme nobody trusts is repeated a year later by someone who has forgotten where they got it.
  • A rumour dismissed at the time resurfaces in a colleague's reasoning six months on, detached from where they heard it.
Further reading
Wikipedia
Subject
Communication & Media
Essay
What happens to a message after it is sent

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