Empiriceme · Evidence · Empirical Regularity

von Neumann Bottleneck

Shuttling instructions and data through a single channel between processor and memory caps performance however fast the processor becomes.

Named by Backus in his 1977 Turing Award lecture, for the architecture von Neumann described rather than a claim he made. It is why cache hierarchy design dominates modern processor performance.

In practice

  • A processor that could compute far faster spends most of its cycles waiting for data to arrive.
  • A team whose analysts could produce four times the output spends most of its capacity waiting for access to the data.
Standing
Named by Backus for the architecture von Neumann described, not a claim von Neumann made.
Subject
Technology & Software
Essay
The curves, the limits and the laws of software

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