Empiriceme · Evidence · Empirical Regularity

Whale Revenue Skew

Also called Whales; the paying minority

In free-to-play games a very small fraction of players produces most revenue, so design optimises for that fraction.

Reported paying rates in free-to-play titles are commonly low single-digit percentages of players, with spend concentrated far more sharply still within that group. The design consequence is direct: the game is tuned for the people who spend, and the experience of everyone else is partly an input to that.

In practice

  • A game whose median player pays nothing is not designed for the median player.
  • A service whose revenue comes from a small minority will be shaped by that minority's preferences, whatever its user numbers say.
Subject
Play & Game Design
Essay
Small worlds with visible rules

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